History Of telephone

                  History Of  telephone and Bell's Biography

A telephone, or phone, is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be heard directly. A telephone converts sound, typically and most efficiently the human voice, into electronic signals that are transmitted via cables and other communication channels to another telephone which reproduces the sound to the receiving user.
In 1876, Scottish emigrant Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be granted a United States patent for a device that produced clearly intelligible replication of the human voice. This instrument was further developed by many others. The telephone was the first device in history that enabled people to talk directly with each other across large distances. Telephones rapidly became indispensable to businesses, government, and households, and are today some of the most widely used small appliances.

History of the Telephone

Today, we take telephones for granted. You probably have a telephone within arm’s reach as you read this. But just over 100 years ago, the idea of instantly chatting to someone anywhere in the world seemed impossible.
In the 1870s, Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell independently designed devices that could transmit speech electrically. Both men rushed their respective designs for these prototype telephones to the patent office within hours of each other. Bell patented his telephone first and later emerged the victor in a legal dispute with Gray.
Today, Bell's name is synonymous with the telephone, while Gray is largely forgotten.

But the story of who invented the telephone goes beyond these two men. Discover important devices that the telephone inspired, like pagers and answering machines, and find out what phones of the future might look like.

Bell's Biography

Alexander Graham Bell was born on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was immersed in the study of sound from the beginning. His father, uncle, and grandfather were authorities on elocution and speech therapy for the deaf. It was understood that Bell would follow in the family footsteps after finishing college. However, after Bell's two other brothers died of tuberculosis, Bell and his parents decided to immigrate to Canada in 1870.
After a brief period living in Ontario, the Bells moved to Boston, where they established speech-therapy practices specializing in teaching deaf children to speak. One of Alexander Graham Bell's pupils was a young Helen Keller, who when they met was not only blind and deaf but also unable to speak.

How did someone figure out the technology that makes the telephone possible? Where could telephones take us in the future? Today, we’re going to explain the history of the telephone.

1700s: Scientist Theorizes You Can Transmit Messages Through Electricity

In 1753, one Scottish scientist named Charles Morrison proposed an important theory: you could transmit messages through electricity by using different wires for each letter.
Morrison is credited as the first person to theorize that an electric telegraph could exist.

Talk With Electricity

By October 1874, Bell's research had progressed to the extent that he could inform his future father-in-law, Boston attorney Gardiner Greene Hubbard, about the possibility of a multiple telegraph.

Hubbard, who resented the absolute control then exerted by the Western Union Telegraph Company, instantly saw the potential for breaking such a monopoly and gave Bell the financial backing he needed.

Bell proceeded with his work on the multiple telegraph, but he did not tell Hubbard that he and Thomas Watson, a young electrician whose services he had enlisted, were also developing a device that would transmit speech electrically. While Watson worked on the harmonic telegraph at the insistent urging of Hubbard and other backers, Bell secretly met in March 1875 with Joseph Henry, the respected director of the Smithsonian Institution, who listened to Bell's ideas for a telephone and offered encouraging words. Spurred on by Henry's positive opinion, Bell and Watson continued their work.

By June 1875 the goal of creating a device that would transmit speech electrically was about to be realized.

They had proven that different tones would vary the strength of an electric current in a wire. To achieve success, they, therefore, needed only to build a working transmitter with a membrane capable of varying electronic currents and a receiver that would reproduce these variations in audible frequencies.